CORPORATE GOVERNANCE GUIDELINES
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| SELECTION AND COMPOSITION
OF THE BOARD |
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1. |
Board Membership Criteria |
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The Corporate Governance and Nominating
Committee (the "Governance Committee") is responsible
for reviewing with the Board from time to time the appropriate skills
and characteristics required of Board members in the context of
the current constitution of the Board. This assessment should take
into consideration issues of diversity, age and skills, which skills
should include judgment, ability to act on behalf of the stockholders,
integrity, reputation, industry experience and an understanding
of such areas as technology, finance, financial reporting and other
areas that would be expected to contribute to an effective Board
all in the context of an assessment of the perceived needs
of the Board at that point in time. |
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2. |
Selection Of New Director Candidates |
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The Board is responsible for selecting
its members and nominating them for election by the stockholders.
Pursuant to its charter, the Governance Committee makes recommendations
to the Board regarding director nominees and assists the Board in
the director search and screening process. |
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3. |
New Director Orientation
And Continuing Education |
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New directors are required to participate
in the Company's director orientation process that includes meetings
with key management from research, operations and finance and visits
to Company facilities. The Company encourages its directors to participate
in continuing education programs to assist them in performing their
responsibilities. |
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BOARD LEADERSHIP
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4. |
Selection Of Chairman And Chief Executive
Officer |
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The Company's Chief Executive Officer
currently serves as the Chairman of the Board. The Board has no
policy with respect to the separation or combination of these offices.
The Board believes that this issue is part of the succession planning
process and that it is in the best interests of the Company for
the Board to make a determination of whether to separate these offices
when it elects the Chief Executive Officer. The Board recognizes
that there may be circumstances in the future that would lead it
to separate these offices, and has the flexibility to do so. |
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5. |
Lead Independent Director |
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The Board has a "Lead Independent
Director." The Lead Independent Director is elected by the
independent directors and is responsible for setting the agenda
for and presiding over the executive sessions of the independent
directors, consulting with the Chairman regarding board meeting
agendas, schedules and information flow and any other functions
that may be specified to the position. The Lead Independent Director
is appointed annually by the independent directors. |
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BOARD COMPOSITION AND PERFORMANCE
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6. |
Size Of The Board |
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Pursuant to the Company's certificate
of incorporation and bylaws, the number of directors shall be not
less than five and not more than nine, with the exact number to
be determined from time to time by resolution of the Board. The
Board considers the size of the Board from time to time and will
increase or decrease its size when it deems that such an action
is in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders. |
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7. |
Majority Of Independent Directors |
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At least a majority of the directors
on the Board will be independent directors. |
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8. |
Board Definition Of What Constitutes
Independence |
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a. |
The Company has adopted the following
definition of independence:
An "independent director" is a director other than an
officer or employee of the Company or its subsidiaries or any other
individual having a relationship which, in the opinion of the Board,
would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying
out the responsibilities of a director. The following persons shall
not be considered independent: |
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a director who is, or at any time during the past
three years was, employed by the Company or by any parent or subsidiary
of the Company; |
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a director who accepted or who has a Family Member
(defined as a person's spouse, parent, child or sibling, whether
by blood, marriage or adoption, and anyone residing in such person's
home) who accepted any payments from the Company or any parent or
subsidiary of the Company in excess of $60,000 during the current
or any of the past three fiscal years, other than: (i) compensation
for Board or Board committee service; (ii) payments arising solely
from investments in the Company's securities; (iii) compensation
paid to a Family Member who is a non-executive employee of the Company
or a parent or subsidiary of the Company; (iv) benefits under a
tax-qualified retirement plan or non-discretionary compensation;
or (v) loans permitted under Section 13(k) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act"); |
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a director who is a Family Member of an individual
who is, or at any time during the past three years was, employed
by the Company or by any parent or subsidiary of the Company as
an executive officer; |
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a director who is, or has a Family Member who is,
a partner in, or a controlling shareholder or an executive officer
of, any organization to which the Company made, or from which the
Company received, payments for property or services in the current
or any of the past three fiscal years that exceed 5% of the recipient's
consolidated gross revenues for that year, or $200,000, whichever
is more, other than: (i) payments arising solely from investments
in the Company's securities; or (ii) payments under non-discretionary
charitable contribution matching programs; |
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a director who is, or has a Family Member
who is, employed as an executive officer of another entity where
at any time during the past three years any of the executive officers
of the Company served on the compensation committee of such other
entity; or |
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a director who is, or has a Family Member
who is, a current partner of the Company's outside auditor, or was
a partner or employee of the Company's outside auditor who worked
on the Company's audit at any time during any of the past three
years. |
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The ownership of stock of the Company by directors
is encouraged, and the ownership of even a significant amount of
stock, by itself, is not a bar to an independence finding. |
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b. |
Additional Requirements For Audit Committee
Members |
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A director is not considered independent for purposes
of serving on the Audit Committee, and may not serve on the Audit
Committee, if the director: |
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does not meet the independence
standards set forth in paragraph a. above; |
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accepts directly or indirectly any consulting,
advisory or other compensatory fee from the Company or any subsidiary
of the Company, other than fees for service as a member of the Board
or a Board committee or fixed amounts of compensation under a retirement
plan (including deferred compensation) for prior service with the
Company (provided that such compensation is not contingent in any
way on continued service with the Company); |
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is an affiliate of the Company;
or |
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has participated in the preparation of
the financial statements of the Company or any current subsidiary
of the Company at any time during the past three years. |
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In addition, (i) each member of the Audit
Committee must be able to read and understand fundamental financial
statements, including the Company's balance sheet, income statement
and cash flow statement, and (ii) at least one member of the Committee
shall have had past employment experience in finance or accounting,
requisite professional certification in accounting, or some other
comparable experience or background, including being or having been
a chief executive officer, chief financial officer or other senior
officer with financial oversight responsibilities, that results
in such member being financially sophisticated. |
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c. |
Additional Requirements For Compensation
Committee Members |
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In addition to meeting the independence
standards set forth in paragraph a. above: |
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if any compensation or benefit plan administered by
the Compensation Committee is subject to Rule 16b-3 of the Exchange
Act, each member of the Compensation Committee must also be a "non-employee
director" as such term is defined in Rule 16b-3; and |
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if any award or payment under any compensation
or benefit plan administered by the Compensation Committee would
be subject to the deduction limitation under Section 162(m) of the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, at least two members of the Compensation
Committee shall be "outside directors" as such term is
defined in Section 162(m) and the regulations thereunder. |
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9. |
Chief Executive Officer's Board Membership Upon Retirement Or Resignation |
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The Board believes that the continued Board membership
of a former Chief Executive Officer is a matter to be decided in
each individual instance. When the Chief Executive Officer retires
or resigns from that position, he or she shall offer to resign from
the Board at the same time and the Board, in its discretion, will
determine whether to accept such resignation. The resignation will
be considered by the Board and will not become effective unless
the Board acts to accept the resignation. |
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10. |
Directors Who Change Their
Present Job Responsibility |
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When a director experiences a significant change in
his or her occupation or business association, he or she must notify
the Board of such change. If the change results in the director
being required to devote a significant amount of time to the new
or additional position, presents a potential conflict of interest
or would otherwise negatively affect the functioning of the Board,
then the director shall offer his or her resignation to the Board
at the time of such change. It is not the sense of the Board that
a director who changes his or her occupation or business association
should necessarily leave the Board. There should, however, be an
opportunity for the Board, with the assistance of the Governance
Committee, to review the continued appropriateness of Board membership.
The resignation will be considered by the Governance Committee and
will not become effective unless the Board acts to accept the resignation.
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11. |
Service On Other Boards |
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Non-employee directors may not serve on the board
of directors of more than five public companies. Non-employee directors
should advise the Chair of the Governance Committee in advance of
accepting an invitation to serve on another board. |
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12. |
Term Limits |
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The Board does not believe it should
establish term limits. While term limits could help ensure that
there are fresh ideas and viewpoints available to the Board, they
hold the disadvantage of losing the contribution of directors who
have been able to develop, over a period of time, substantial insight
into the Company and its operations and, therefore, provide an increasing
contribution to the Board as a whole. |
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13. |
Retirement Age |
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Non-employee directors must retire from
the Board at the end of the calendar year in which they turn 70,
unless the Board, in its discretion, approves continued service.
Directors who are employees of the Company, other than the Chief
Executive Officer, must retire from the Board concurrent with the
termination of their employment, unless the Chairman recommends
and the Board approves continued service. |
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14. |
Board Compensation Review |
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The Compensation Committee reviews at
least annually the amount and composition of director compensation
and benefits and, if necessary, makes recommendations to the Board
regarding changes in director compensation. In formulating its recommendations,
the Compensation Committee considers a number of factors, including
what is customary board compensation at similarly situated companies.
It is the policy of the Board that a portion of director compensation
be in the form of stock options. |
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| MEETING PROCEDURES |
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15. |
Frequency Of Board Meetings |
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The Board will meet as frequently as
necessary for directors to properly discharge their responsibilities.
Regular meetings of the Board are currently held five times per
year. Special meetings are held as required. |
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16. |
Selection Of Agenda Items
For Board Meetings |
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The Chairman, in consultation with the
Lead Independent Director, establishes the agenda for each Board
meeting. Each Board member is free to suggest the inclusion of items
on the agenda. Each Board member is also free to raise at any Board
meeting subjects that are not on the agenda for that meeting. |
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17. |
Board Materials |
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It is the sense of the Board that information
and data that is important to the Board's understanding of the business
be distributed in writing to the Board with sufficient time to review
and reflect on key issues and to request supplemental information
as necessary before the Board meets. The information will be from
a variety of sources, including, management, Board committees, outside
experts, independent auditors and analyst and media reports. |
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18. |
Executive Sessions |
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Each time the Board meets, it will hold
an executive session without any executive officers or any other
employee directors. The independent directors will meet in executive
sessions as frequently as necessary to properly discharge their
responsibilities. |
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19. |
Attendance Of Non-Directors
At Board Meetings |
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The Chairman, in his discretion, may
invite officers and others to attend Board meetings. |
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20. |
Board Access To Senior Management |
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Board members have complete access to
the Company's management. It is assumed that Board members will
use judgment to be sure that this contact is not distracting to
the business operation of the Company and that such contact, if
in writing, be copied to the Chairman. The Chairman should be advised
of contacts between Board members and management. |
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Furthermore, the Board encourages the
management, from time to time, to bring officers and others into
Board meetings who: (i) can provide additional insight into the
items being discussed because of personal involvement in these areas
and/or (ii) represent officers with future potential that the senior
management believes should be given exposure to the Board. |
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21. |
Board Access To Independent
Advisors |
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The Board and its committees may engage
independent counsel and other independent advisors the Board or
the relevant committee, consistent with the provisions of its respective
charter, deems appropriate or necessary to carry out its responsibilities. |
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| COMMITTEE MATTERS |
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22. |
Number Of Committees |
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The Board has the following committees:
Audit, Corporate Governance and Nominating, and Compensation. The
Board has the flexibility to form a new committee or, subject to
applicable law and regulation, disband a current committee. |
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23. |
Assignment And Rotation Of
Committee Members |
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The Board, acting on the recommendation
of the Governance Committee, designates the members of its committees.
The members of the Audit, Governance and Compensation Committees
are comprised solely of independent directors. Membership on the
Audit Committee is limited to those directors who meet additional
independence and other qualifications for audit committee members,
as established from time to time under applicable law, regulations
and Nasdaq listing standards. |
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It is the sense of the Board that consideration
should be given to rotating committee members periodically, but
the Board does not feel that such a rotation should be mandated
as a policy because there may be reasons at a given point in time
to maintain an individual director's committee membership for a
longer period or to shorten the period of service on such committee. |
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24. |
Frequency And Length Of Committee
Meetings |
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Meetings of the Audit, Governance and
Compensation Committees are held periodically, and are often held
incident to regular Board meetings. The Chair of each committee,
in consultation with its members, determines the frequency and length
of any additional special meetings of the committee. |
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25. |
Committee Agenda |
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The Chair of each committee, in consultation
with the appropriate officers, will develop the committee's agenda. |
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| ROLE OF THE BOARD |
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26. |
General Description Of Board
Duties |
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The Board, which is elected by the stockholders,
is the ultimate decision-making body of the Company except with
respect to those matters reserved to its stockholders. The Board
approves the selection of the senior management team, which is charged
with the conduct of the Company's business. The duties of the Board
are largely defined by Delaware corporate law, federal securities
laws and regulations, notably those of the Securities and Exchange
Commission, and the Nasdaq listing standards. The Board shall focus
its priorities on the following core responsibilities: |
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advising and counseling management regarding
significant issues facing the Company; |
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selecting, evaluating, setting the compensation
of, and, when appropriate, replacing the CEO and senior management; |
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succession planning and management
development; |
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overseeing the Company's integrity, ethics
and compliance with laws and financial reporting; |
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evaluating and approving the Company's
strategic direction and initiatives and monitoring its implementation
and results; |
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monitoring the Company's operating results
and financial condition; |
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reviewing and approving major corporate
plans and actions; |
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understanding and assessing risks to
the Company and monitoring the management of those risks; and |
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performing such other functions as the
Board believes appropriate or necessary, or as otherwise prescribed
by rules or regulations. |
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To fulfill its core responsibilities,
directors are expected to attend all meetings, either in person
or telephonically, and to review materials in advance of the meetings. |
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27. |
Formal Evaluation Of The Chairman
And Chief Executive Officer |
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The Compensation Committee, in consultation
with other independent directors, evaluates the Chairman and Chief
Executive Officer annually. The Chair of the Compensation Committee
communicates this evaluation to the Chairman and Chief Executive
Officer. The evaluation is based on criteria such as performance
of the business, accomplishment of long-term strategic objectives,
development of management and similar considerations. The Compensation
Committee considers this evaluation in the course of its deliberations
when considering the compensation of the Chairman and Chief Executive
Officer and its recommendation to the Board regarding the same. |
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28. |
Succession Planning |
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The Governance Committee, in consultation
with the other independent directors, plans for succession to the
position of Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer as
well as certain other senior management positions. To assist the
independent directors, the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
annually provides the Governance Committee with an assessment of
senior managers and of their potential to succeed him or her. He
or she also provides the independent directors with an assessment
of persons considered potential successors to certain senior management
positions. |
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29. |
Board And Committee Evaluations |
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The Board and its committees, with the
oversight of the Governance Committee, annually conduct self-evaluations
to assess their effectiveness. As part of this evaluation, the Board
considers and discusses its performance with respect to specified
categories, including Board governance and process, strategic planning
and business and financial matters. The Governance Committee discusses
these assessments internally and with the Board. |
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30. |
Interaction With The Press,
Institutional Investors, Customers And Others |
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The Board believes that the management
speaks for the Company. Individual Board members may, from time
to time, meet or otherwise communicate with various constituencies
on Company matters, but it is expected that, on matters of significance
to the Company, Board members would do this only after consultation
with the Chief Executive Officer. |
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31. |
Review Of These Guidelines |
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The Governance Committee reviews and
assesses the adequacy of these Guidelines from time to time and
recommends any proposed changes to the Board for approval. |
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| Last Updated: September 23, 2004 |
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